Table Of Content
In addition, one interviewee noted that the work of HHT scientists in the area of vaccines would be of greater benefit to industry if it was more applied. Two expert reviewers provided a "moderate" rating with respect to TBBB Program competencies. However, both commented that it was difficult for them to provide an assessment based on the level of technical detail contained in the program documentation. The very positive endorsement of TBBB Program collaborators with regards to the NRC carrier technology and expertise of HHT staff was found to balance these lower ratings.
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Profile of the HHT Portfolio
A few internal interviewees noted that this situation may result in lost business opportunities for HHT and the inability of NRC as a whole (including IRAP ) to best serve Canadian companies. As described in Section 2, portfolios are the business units responsible for managing people and facilities. Generally, internal interviewees believe that HHT has established the research competencies required to successfully deliver its three approved programs and, in turn, achieve its expected outcomes. A total of 46 stakeholders were consulted through the evaluation, including 17 internal stakeholders ( HHT management and staff, BMS staff and IRAP Industrial Technology Advisors), and 29 external stakeholders (see Table 4).
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For 2013‑14, Footnote 39 HHT 's indirect expenditures represented 33.8% of total expenditures. This ratio comes close to meeting the 30% target set by NRC and was the lowest of the three life sciences portfolios. As part of the creation of the Portfolio and the development of program plans, HHT sought to focus its efforts on areas that are more likely to yield a strong impact for Canada.
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The Process
This information plays an important role in contextualizing performance data and other statistics. The evaluation of HHT was led by an independent evaluation team from the NRC Office of Audit and Evaluation. The work of the evaluation team was supported by Methodological and Subject-Matter Experts who provided advice related to the evaluation framework, approach, interpretation of findings and recommendations. These experts did not act in a decision-making fashion, but rather played an advisory role in ensuring a high-quality and useful evaluation product. Some areas of inefficiencies were raised by interviewees, particularly with respect to interactions with NRC common services (information technology, human resources, and property management services, for instance).
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The case studies also sought to include many of HHT 's key clients and to capture an appropriate representation of the diverse impacts that the Portfolio has had on the biopharmaceutical industry. Almost all external interviewees and expert reviewers agreed that federal involvement, and specifically NRC 's role, is appropriate in supporting biopharmaceutical SME s, which they say will in turn strengthen the sector and the economy overall. Many interviewees noted that federal government support is essential if Canada is to remain competitive with other countries whose governments are investing heavily to support their domestic sectors. Footnote 27 In addition, a few interviewees and experts noted that the external R&D model, where Canadian SME s leverage existing NRC infrastructure and expertise, is a particularly appropriate role for NRC . In these cases, the fact that SME s do not need to maintain their own wet lab operations is very beneficial to SME s and is particularly attractive to VC funders.
Footnote 28 The second portfolio-level outcome demonstrates how, in the long-term, HHT seeks to contribute to alleviating growing healthcare pressures, which has been identified as a critical issue in NRC strategic documents. For 2013‑14, HHT reported total expenditures (direct and indirect) of approximately $49.1M. Approximately 25% of these expenditures were offset by earned revenues ($12.3M), which were derived mainly from strategic research projects with industry (see Table 2, on the following page). This evaluation was led by an independent evaluation team from the NRC Office of Audit and Evaluation ( OAE ). The work of the evaluation team was supported by Methodological and Subject-Matter Experts ( MSE s) who provided advice related to the evaluation framework, approach, interpretation of findings and recommendations.
For instance, representatives from the two life sciences industry associations, as well as the three prospective clients interviewed as part of the evaluation, had limited knowledge of the Portfolio. It is worth noting that even some clients commented that they are not fully aware of HHT 's service offerings. In this regard, many evaluation participants strongly emphasized the need to raise the profile and degree of visibility of HHT within the biopharmaceutical industry in order to further expand its reach.
Administrative and performance data for 2012‑13 and 2013‑14 were reviewed to provide information on program outputs and client reach, as well as to contribute to the analysis of resource utilization (e.g., staff utilization rates, productivity ratios). Administrative and performance data were provided by HHT staff, as well as by NRC corporate branches including Business Management Support ( BMS ), Finance, and Planning and Reporting Services. Training delivered to strengthen the business development skills and customer-service behaviour of portfolio staff. NRC corporately tracks a number of key performance indicators, some of which monitor portfolio overhead efficiency and business efficiency. The overhead efficiency indicator calculates indirect costs (that is, any costs that are not directly charged against a project) as a percentage of total expenditures.
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As will be described in Section 4.2, HHT has established a major collaborative relationship with Zymeworks Inc., which has proven to be extremely beneficial for both parties. In addition to the impacts noted above, the evaluation found that, through its work with PnuVax, HHT has also contributed to strengthening of Canada's biomanufacturing capabilities. “The Museum of Innocence" by Orhan Pamuk. It is the most incredible love story based in Istanbul. There is an actual museum in the city that is dedicated to this love story. It is incredibly moving, and I visit every time I travel to Istanbul. Our creations are everyday heirlooms, designed to be worn daily and loved for a long time. Over the years, our products have become staples in the closets of thoughtful, stylish men and women worldwide, who appreciate the delightful combination of outstanding quality, everyday comfort, and the use of beautiful textiles in charming, unconventional ways.
In addition to this amount, Zymeworks reported that it established a strategic collaboration with Merck & Co. While very few clients were able to attribute a specific amount to the work performed by HHT , most clients agreed that HHT 's contribution played an important, and even critical, role in their ability to access investment capital in support of their growth. The pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical industry is important to the Canadian economy and HHT activities help to address some of the needs of biopharmaceutical SME s. HHT works with firms to accelerate the drug discovery process and de-risk the development of products, making the firms more attractive to funders.
This is particularly important when considering the success experienced by some SME s, such as Alethia Biotherapeutics, following the licensing of IP from NRC (see Section 4.2). Many experts and interviewees (both internal and external) raised concerns about the fact that a large segment of the Canadian biopharmaceutical industry is not familiar with HHT 's services. This is especially the case with changes that have taken place since the NRC transformation.
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